After I had been there about Ten or Twelve Days， it came into my Thoughts， that I should lose my Reckoning of Time for want of Books and Pen and Ink， and should even forget the Sabbath Days from the working Days； but to prevent this， I cut it with my Knife upon a large Post， in Capital Letters， and making it into a great Cross I set it up on the Shore where I first landed， viz. I came on Shore here on the 30th of Sept. 1659. Upon the Sides of this square Post I cut every Day a Notch with my Knife， and every seventh Notch was as long again as the rest， and every first Day of the Month as long again as that long one， and thus I kept my Kalander， or weekly， monthly， and yearly reckoning of Time.
In the next place we are to observe， that among the many things which I brought out of the Ship in the several Voyages， which， as above mention’d， I made to it， I got several things of less Value， but not all less useful to me， which I omitted setting down before； as in particular， Pens， Ink， and Paper， several Parcels in the Captain’s， Mate’s， Gunner’s，and Carpenter’s keeping， three or four Compasses， some Mathematical Instruments， Dials， Perspectives， Charts， and Books of Navigation， all which I huddled together， whether I might want them or no； also I found three very good Bibles which came to me in my Cargo from England， and which I had pack’d up among my things； some Portugueze Books also， and among them two or three Popish Prayer-Books， and several other Books， all which I carefully secur’d. And I must not forget， that we had in the Ship a Dog and two Cats， of whose eminent History I may have occasion to say something in its place； for I carry’d both the Cats with me； and as for the Dog， he jump’d out of the Ship of himself and swam on Shore to me the Day after I went on Shore with my first Cargo， and was a trusty Servant to me many Years； I wanted nothing that he could fetch me， nor any Company that he could make up to me， I only wanted to have him talk to me， but that would not do： As I observ’d before， I found Pen， Ink and Paper， and I husbanded them to the utmost； and I shall shew， that while my Ink lasted， I kept things very exact； but after that was gone， I could not， for I could not make any Ink， by any Means that I could devise.
And this put me in mind that I wanted many things， notwithstanding all that I had amass’d together； and of these， this of Ink was one， as also Spade， Pick-Ax and Shovel ， to dig or remove the Earth， Needles， Pins， and Thread； as for Linnen， I soon learn’d to want that without much Difficulty.
This want of Tools made every Work I did go on heavily， and it was near a whole Year before I had entirely finished my little Pale or surrounded Habitation： The Piles or Stakes， which were as heavy as I could well lift， were a long time in cutting and preparing in the Woods， and more by far in bringing home； so that I spent sometimes two Days in cutting and bringing home one of those Posts， and a third Day in driving it into the Ground； for which Purpose I got a heavy Piece of Wood at first， but at last bethought myself of one of the Iron Crows， which however， tho’ I found it， yet it made driving those Posts or Piles very laborious and tedious Work.
But what need I ha’ been concerned at the Tediousness of any thing I had to do， seeing I had time enough to do it in， nor had I any other Employment if that had been over， at least， that I could foresee， except the ranging the Island to seek for Food， which I did more or less every Day.
I now began to consider seriously my Condition， and the Circumstance I was reduc’d to， and I drew up the State of my Affairs in Writing， not so much to leave them to any that were to come after me， for I was like to have but few Heirs， as to deliver my Thoughts from daily poring upon them， and afflicting my Mind； and as my Reason began now to master my Despondency， I began to comfort myself as well as I could， and to set the Good against the Evil， that I might have something to distinguish my Case from worse； and I stated it very impartially， like Debtor and Creditor， the Comforts I enjoy’d， against the Miseries I suffer’d， Thus：
Evil.
I am cast upon a horrible desolate Island， void of all hope of Recovery.
I am singled out and separated， as it were， from all the World to be miserable.
I am divided from Mankind， a Solitaire， one banish’d from humane Society.
I have not Cloaths to cover me.
I am without any Defence or Means to resist any Violence of Man or Beast.
I have no Soul to speak to， or relieve me.
Good.
But I am alive， and not drown’d， as all my Ship’s Company was.
But I am singled out too from all the Shipes Crew to be spar’d from Death； and he that miraculously sav’d me from Death， can deliver me from this Condition.
But I am not starv’d and perishing on a barren place， affording on sustenance.
But I am in a hot Climate， where if I had Cloafhs I could hardly wear them.
But I am cast on an Island， where I see no wild Beasts to hurt me， as I saw on the Coast of Africa： And what if I had been Shipwreck’d there？
But God wonderfully sent the Ship in near enough to the Shore， that I have gotten out so many necessary things as will either supply my Wants， or enable me to supply my self even as long as I live.
Upon the whole， here was an undoubted Testimony， that there wasscarce any Condition in the World so miserable， but there was something Negative or something positive to be thankful for in it； and let this stand as a Direction from the Experience of the most miserable of all Conditions in this World， that we may always find in it something to comfort ourselves from， and to set in the Description of Good and Evil， on the Credit Side of the Accounpt.
Having now brought my Mind a little to relish my Condition， and given over lookíng out to Sea， to see if I could spy a Ship； I say， giving over these things， I began to apply myself to accommodate my way of Living， and to make things as easy to me as I could.