In the last letter of his life, the author of our Declaration of Independence and our third President, Thomas Jefferson, said then that "all eyes are opening to the rights of man." I believe that in this time, at long last, 172 years after Jefferson wrote those words, all eyes are opening to the rights of men and women everywhere.
Over the past two decades, a rising tide of ******* has lifted the lives of millions around the world, sweeping away failed dictatorial systems in the Former Soviet Union, throughout Central Europe; ending a vicious cycle of military coups and civil wars in Latin America; giving more people in Africa the chance to make the most of their hard-won independence. And from the Philippines to South Korea, from Thailand to Mongolia, ******* has reached Asia's shores, powering a surge of growth and productivity.
Economic security also can be an essential element of *******. It is recognized in the United Nations Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights. In China, you have made extraordinary strides in nurturing that liberty, and spreading ******* from want, to be a source of strength to your people.
Incomes are up, poverty is down; people do have more choices of jobs, and the ability to travel—the ability to make a better life. But true ******* includes more than economic *******. In America, we believe it is a concept which is indivisible.
Over the past four days, I have seen ******* in many manifestations in China. I have seen the fresh shoots of democracy growing in the villages of your heartland. I have visited a village that chose its own leaders in free elections.
I have also seen the cell phones, the video players, the fax machines carrying ideas, information and images from all over the world. I've heard people speak their minds and I have joined people in prayer in the faith of my own choosing. In all these ways I felt a steady breeze of *******.
The question is, where do we go from here? How do we work together to be on the right side of history together? More than 50 years ago, Hu Shi, one of your great political thinkers and a teacher at this university, said these words: "Now some people say to me you must sacrifice your individual ******* so that the nation may be free. But I reply, the struggle for individual ******* is the struggle for the nation's *******. The struggle for your own character is the struggle for the nation's character."
We Americans believe Hu Shi was right. We believe and our experience demonstrates that ******* strengthens stability and helps nations to change.
One of our founding fathers, Benjamin Franklin, once said, "Our critics are our friends, for they show us our faults." Now, if that is true, there are many days in the United States when the President has more friends than anyone else in America. But it is so.
In the world we live in, this global information age, constant improvement and change is necessary to economic opportunity and to national strength. Therefore, the freest possible flow of information, ideas, and opinions, and a greater respect for divergent political and religious convictions will actually breed strength and stability going forward.
It is, therefore, profoundly in your interest, and the world's, that young Chinese minds be free to reach the fullness of their potential. That is the message of our time and the mandate of the new century and the new millennium.
I hope China will more fully embrace this mandate. For all the grandeur of your history, I believe your greatest days are still ahead. Against great odds in the 20th century China has not only survived, it is moving forward dramatically.
Other ancient cultures failed because they failed to change. China has constantly proven the capacity to change and grow. Now, you must re-imagine China again for a new century, and your generation must be at the heart of China's regeneration.
The new century is upon us. All our sights are turned toward the future. Now your country has known more millennia than the United States has known centuries. Today, however, China is as young as any nation on Earth. This new century can be the dawn of a new China, proud of your ancient greatness, proud of what you are doing, prouder still of the tomorrows to come. It can be a time when the world again looks to China for the vigor of its culture, the freshness of its thinking, the elevation of human dignity that is apparent in its works. It can be a time when the oldest of nations helps to make a new world.
The United States wants to work with you to make that time a reality.
Thank you very much.
1998年6月29日
谢谢。陈校长、任书记、迟副校长、韦副部长,谢谢你们。今天,我很高兴率领一个庞大的美国代表团来到这里,代表团中包括第一夫人和我们的女儿,她是斯坦福大学的学生,斯坦福大学是和北大具有交流关系的学校之一。
此外,我们的代表团中还包括六位美国国会议员、国务卿、商务部长、农业部长、经济顾问理事会理事长、我国驻华大使参议员尚慕杰、国家安全顾问和我的办公厅主任等。我提到这些人是为了说明美国极为重视对华关系。
在北大百年校庆之际,我首先要向北大全体师生员工、管理人员祝贺。恭喜了,北大!
众所周知,这所学校的原身是美国传教士建立的燕京大学。学校许多美丽的建筑物是由美国建筑师设计的。成千上万的美国学生和教授来到北大求学和教学。因此,我们对你们有一种特殊的亲近感。
我很庆幸今天和79年前的一个重要的日子大不相同。1919年6月,就在这里,燕京大学首任校长司徒雷登准备发表第一个毕业典礼致辞。他准时出场,但是没有一个学生到来。学生们为了振兴中国的政治文化,全部走上街头领导“五四”运动去了。我读到这个故事后,希望今天当我走进这个礼堂时,会有人坐在这里。非常感谢大家前来听我演讲。
一百年以来,北大已经发展到两万多名学生。贵校的毕业生遍及中国和全世界。贵校建成了亚洲最大的大学图书馆。去年贵校有20%的毕业生去国外留学深造,其中包括一半的数理专业学生。
在北大百年校庆之际,中国、亚洲和全世界有一百多万人访问贵校的网址。在新世纪黎明之际,北大正在率领中国奔向未来。
你们是中国下一代的领导者。我今天要跟你们讲的是,建立中美两国牢固的伙伴关系,对于你们的未来至关重要。
在几千年的历史长河中,中国为人类文化、宗教、哲学、艺术和科技做出了贡献,美国人民深深地钦佩你们。我们铭记着第二次世界大战期间两国的牢固伙伴关系。现在我们看到,中国处于历史性时刻,能和你们光辉灿烂的过去相提并论的,只有贵国目前气势磅礴的改革和更加美好的未来。
仅仅在30年前,中国还与世界隔绝。现在,中国参加了从航空旅行到农业开发等领域的一千多个国际组织。贵国为大规模贸易和投资敞开了大门。今天有四万多名年轻的中国学生在美国留学,还有数十万中国学生在亚洲、非洲、欧洲和拉美国家留学。
贵国在社会和经济领域的变革更为显著,从一个封闭的指令性经济体制向一个日显生机、日趋注重市场性的经济转变,产生了连续20年史无前例的增长,赋予人民更大的自由,到国内外旅游,进行村委会选举,拥有住房,选择职业以及上更好学校。
因此,贵国帮助千百万的民众摆脱了贫困。在过去的十年中,人均收入翻了一番以上。大多数中国人民过上了20年前还难以想象的美好生活。
当然,这些变化也打乱了固有的生活和工作格局,给贵国的环境造成了巨大压力。
以前,每个城市居民到国有企业就业都有保障。现在,你们必须到就业市场上去竞争。以前,每个中国工人只需满足北京中央计划人员的要求,现在,全球性经济意味着人人必须跟上世界其他地区的质量和创造力。对于缺乏应有的训练、熟练的技能和社会帮扶的人们来说,这个新世界的确令人生畏。
在短期内,一些诚实勤劳的人们成为失业者。正如你们所见,过去20年的开发模式和能源使用模式,造成了空气污染、滥伐森林、酸雨和缺水,在环境、经济和医疗保健方面付出了巨大代价。
面对这些挑战,必须制定出培训和社会保障的新体系,推出保护环境的新政策和新技术,以便在促进经济增长的同时改进环境。
我对中国人民的智慧、独创性和开发精神的了解,以及过去几天我与******、朱总理及其他人会谈中的所见所闻,给了我信心,相信你们一定能成功。
在你们建设新中国的同时,美国希望同你们建立新关系。我们要看到一个成就非凡、安全开放的中国,和我们携手为一个和平繁荣的世界而努力。我知道无论在中国还是在美国,都有人怀疑两国之间的紧密关系是否是好事。但是世界在变化,我们面临着种种挑战,我们了解的这一切告诉我们,我们两国携手合作比分道扬镳要有利得多。
已故的******告诫我们要实事求是。新世纪来临之际,事实显而易见。我们两国间的距离在缩短,实际上是所有国家间的距离在缩短。以前,美国的快速帆船开到中国需要几个月。今天,高科技使我们天涯若比邻。
从笔记本电脑到激光技术、从微芯片到兆字节储存器,信息革命正在照亮人类的知识领域,将我们更紧密地联结起来。人们只要敲一下电脑键盘,观念、信息和资金就能跨越全球,为人们创造财富、预防和征服疾病、加深具有不同历史和文化背景人民之间的了解,从而给人们带来了极大的机遇。
但我们也知道,更大的开放和更快的变革也意味着别国产生的问题会很快蔓延到本国境内,如大规模毁灭性武器的扩散、有组织的犯罪和贩卖毒品的威胁、环境的恶化和严重的经济混乱等问题。没有哪个国家能避免这些问题,没有那个国家能独自解决这些问题。
我们,特别是中美两国的年轻一代必须以迎接这些共同的挑战为共同的事业,共创一个光辉灿烂的新世纪。
21世纪是你们的世纪。中美两国将面临亚洲安全的挑战。我们两国曾在朝鲜半岛为敌,现在我们携手合作,为一个永久和平和无核武器的未来而努力。
世界各国正在摆脱核威胁,而在印度次大陆,印度和巴基斯坦却甘冒挑起新一轮军备竞赛的风险。我们正在谋求一个共同的策略,以使印巴两国停止进一步的核试验,并为解决分歧进行对话。
在21世纪,你们年轻一代必须承担制止更加致命的核武器、化学武器和生物武器扩散的重任。如果这种武器落入坏人之手或流入不适当的场所,无论大小国家其安全都会受到威胁。中美两国日益认识到制止这类武器扩散的重要性,因此我们已开始齐心协力,控制世界上最危险的武器。
在21世纪,你们年轻一代一定要扭转犯罪和毒品的国际逆流。全世界有组织的犯罪分子每年从人民手中抢走的财产达数十亿美元,破坏了人们对政府的信任。美国人民深知毒品给学校师生和社区居民带来的毁灭和绝望。中国的边境和十几个国家相邻,已成了各种走私分子的通道。
去年,我和******请求中美双方的高级执法官员加强合作,打击这些犯罪分子,防止洗钱,防止在残酷条件下偷运外国人,防止伪币破坏货币的信用。就在本月,我们的缉毒署在北京开设了办事处。不久,中国的缉毒专家也将在华盛顿开展工作。
在21世纪,你们年轻一代的使命是必须保证今天的发展进步不以明天为代价。中国过去二十年来的快速增长以遭受毒害为代价,即贵国人民的饮用水和呼吸的空气都已遭受污染。这种代价不仅仅体现在环境方面,对人民的健康也造成了严重的危害,而且还会阻碍经济的发展。