Comparisons of credit ratings between whites with lower incomes and blacks with higher incomes are from the front page of the September 21，1999issue of the fFizs6izigfoii Post，under the headline ”Racial Disparity Found in Credit Rating.”The fact that black-owned banks reject black mortgage loan applicants at a higher rate than white-owned banks do is from an article in the February 1997issue of the Journal ofFinancial Services Research，t‘it1ed “Do Black-Owned Banks Discriminate Against Black Borrowers？”The news story comparing the frequency with which black and white borrowers used subprime loans is from page A2of the April 11，2005issue of the Washington Post ‘in an article titled “Disparities Found in Sub-Prime Lending.”The conclusions of the 2002study that included credit history among its variables in studying mortgage default can be found on page 18of“New Evidence on the Relationship Between Race and Mortgage Default：The Importance of Credit History Data，”prepared by Unicon Research Corporation and published on May 23，2002.That many factors considered in credit underwriting and pricing are absent from HMDA data was noted on page A158of the September 2006issue of the Federal Reserve Bulletin，in an article tided “Higher-Priced Home Lending and the 2005HMDA Data.“The greater incidence of higher priced loans among black and Hispanic borrowers as compared to whites，and data showing that Asian Americans were the group whostories claiming discrimination in lending following the release of the Boston Fed’s study can be found on page 1of the Economy section of the October 9，1992issue of the heron Globe，in an article tided “Study Shows Racial Bias in Lending，”
and also page A3of the October 9，1992issue of the Wall Street Journal，under the title “Boston Fed Finds Racial Discrimination in Mortgage Lending Is Still Widespread.”The BusinessWeeéarticle that declared the Boston Federal Reserve Bank’s study “definitive”was on page 78of the October 26，1992issue，under the headline “There’s No ‘Whites Only’Sign，But...”The remarks by the head of the Federal Reserve Bank of Boston can be found on page 48of the January 4，1993issue of Jor3es，in an article titled ”The Hidden Clue.”The conclusion by the Federal Reserve in Washington that the claims of discrimination in the 1992Boston Fed study were “difficult to justify”was stated on page 1of the study “The Role of Race in Mortgage Lending：Revisiting the Boston Fed Study，”a Working Paper published in December 1996by the Division of Research and Statistics，Federal Reserve Board of Governors.The fact that blacks and Hispanics in Boston were more likely to buy lower-priced homes than whites at a time when banks were concerned about home prices declining especially sharply in such houses was reported on page 13of the Mortgage section of the August 19，1993issue of Z’be American Banter，under the tide “Boston Fed’s Bias Study Was Deeply Flawed.”
Nobel-Prizewinning economist Gary Becker’s assessment of the Boston Federal Reserve study can be found on page 18of the April 19，1993issue of BusinessWeeé，under the title “The Evidence Against Banks Doesn’t Prove Bias.“Stan J.Liebowitz"s criticisms of the 1992Boston Federal Reserve Bank study are in an article tided “Anatomy of a Train Wreck”in the October 20，2008issue of /Viztioiiiz/Refer.The manual issued by the Boston Federal Reserve Bank，calling for less stringent lending standards，is cited on pages 293，294and 295of an article titled "Anatomy of a Train Wreck：Causes of the Mortgage Meltdown”by Stan J.Liebowitz in Housing America edited by Holcombe and Powell.Information on the sex discrimination case wrought by the EEOC against Sears can be found on page 77of the May 25，1992issue o？Forbes，under the tide “Spiral of Silence，”and also“Decatur Federal Settles U.S.Charge of Racial Bias in Mortgage Lending.”TheFederal Reserve Board’s refusal to grant permission to Shawmut National Corporation to acquire New Dartmouth Bank was reported in section 3，page 4of the November 28，1993issue of the /Vrui Work Z’imei，in an article tided “Lending-Bias Rules Create Q_uandary for Banks.”The 960，000settlement paid by the mortgage subsidiary of Shawmut National Corporation，and the warnings issued by Attorney General Janet Reno to lenders are from page B7of the December 14，1993issue of the fF？zs3iiigtoii Times in an article tided ”Bank to Pay 960，000in Loan-Bias Settlement.”That the Federal Reserve withdrew its opposition to Shawmut’s acquisition of the New Dartmouth Bank following Shawmut’s near million dollar setdement with the Justice Department was reported on page A24of the December 20，1993issue of the lllzs3izigfozi Z"imri，under the headline ”How to Rob a Bank Legally，”
while the fact that no individual complaints were filed by minorities claiming they had been discriminated against was also noted in the same column.The Justice Department’s setdement with Chevy Chase Federal Savings Bank requiring the bank to open new branches in minority neighborhoods was discussed on page D1of the August 23，1994issue of the New？Yorli T"imes，under the title ”Wider Attack on Loan Bias Seen in Accord with S.8c L.”Senator William Proxmire’s definition of”redlining”is quoted from page 17630of the Congressional Record-Senate，for June 6，1977.Senator William Proxmire’s suggestion that the level of a bank’s investment in its local community be a determining factor in regulators"decisions to approve or disapprove that bank’s expansion of its business was made in a speech recorded on page 17603in the CongressionalRe？ord.-Senate，for June 6，1977.The Clinton administration’s statements about breaking down ”racial and ethnic barriers”to home ownership are quoted on page 9oY Civil Rights and the Mortgage Crisis，published by the U.S.Commission on Civil Rights in 2009.Gale Cincotta"s claim that redlining causes urban decline was quoted on page 15of the August 25，1975issue of the Wall Street journal，in a front-page story titled ”To Fight ‘Redlining’.