12.There was this difference between the British and the French attacks，that the French engineers had dug their trenches to within a very few yards of the Malakoff，while the British had to run 200yards before they reached the Redan.The moment they showed their heads the Russian fire began，and during their race across the open ground a great number were killed.When the rest had climbed over the parapet into the Redan，they found themselves in one angle of a triangle，the three sides of which were lined with cannon and rifles；and these opened a deadly fire at once.It was impossible to advance-it wouldhave been inglorious to retreat；yet there was no prospect of reinforcements，and no shelter from the storm of balls.
13.The man who displayed most coolness and valour at this trying momentcwas Colonel Windham，ever since called the Hero of the Redan.He trieda Anniversary of Waterloo.-The 18th of June.Waterloo was fought in 1815.
b Tricolor flag.-The three-coloured flag-red，white，and blue-adopted as the national flag of France at the time of the first Republic.
c Colonel Windham.-He afterwards served as General Windham in the Indian Mutiny，and took part in the defence of Cawnpore.
to form his men；he went fearlessly about among the flying balls；he ventured across that fatal space of 200yards，now strewn with dead and wounded，for the purpose of leading the reinforcements to the Redan.But while he was away，some，becoming afraid to stay，leaped down and ran back to the trenches.Men at such a time are like a flock of sheep：what one or two do is，by an irresistible impulse，imitated by the rest.These British soldiers felt their hearts fail them，and they all fled.
14.The result was the same as if they had remained；for that night the Russians，setting fire to the city，crossed the harbour-bridge to the northern suburb.The siege was now in reality over，although the war was not finished for some months.
中文阅读
1.我们所称的“克里米亚战争”，其实是英国与俄国之间一场战争的主要组成部分。其中，法国和英国联合起来支持土耳其。在克里米亚战争中，塞巴斯托波尔围攻战是最重要的事件。
2.塞巴斯托波尔位于我们称为克里米亚半岛（在俄国南部）的南端附近，由沙皇a的一些人耗费巨资、大量时间和人力守卫。半岛西海岸的一个天然裂缝形成了一个良港，城市就分布在这个海港的两侧，但它的大部分区域还是在南面。
3.法国与英国联军从土耳其海岸航行，穿越黑海，在尤帕托里亚港登陆克里米亚。随后，他们朝南向塞巴斯托波尔挺进。然而，俄国军队并不打算让他们轻而易举地形成围攻之势，因此，当他们到达阿尔玛河时，就只能与俄军打一仗了。这一仗便因阿尔玛河而得名。阿尔玛战役的结果是俄军战败，而法国和英国联军则在塞巴斯托波尔的南边构筑战线，开始围攻俄军。
4.当俄军企图突破英军位于巴拉克拉瓦附近的防线时，科林·坎贝尔率领第93号高地部队击退了这群身穿灰大衣、“上面有一道细细的红条纹、最上端绣一道钢线”的敌兵的进攻。之后，（英国诗人）阿尔弗雷德·坦尼森用热情洋溢的诗句给予赞美的、著名的“轻骑兵冲锋”的场景再次出现。在某种无法解释的错误的驱使下，600多名轻骑兵受命前进，在最猛烈的炮火中策马飞奔了1英里，只为救回几门炮，而最后只有大约200人回到出发地点。
5.英克尔曼战役打响的那一天，在英国是放焰火和纪念盖伊·福克斯b的日子。这天是个周日。在前一天的整个晚上，塞巴斯托波尔的钟声都在响个不停，英国哨a 沙皇：俄国皇帝。这一名称是拉丁文“恺撒”的变体。
b Guy Fawkes，“火药阴谋”的制造者。--译者注兵则在右方听到一阵沉闷的隆隆响声。他们不知道为什么会有这样的声音，但实际上，右方是英克尔曼人的洞穴和悬崖所在的地方。
6.在早晨的薄雾和沥沥细雨中，一大群俄国人拖曳着他们的90门大炮，悄悄地爬上山坡，希望能奇袭英军。前沿哨兵的步枪开了火，很快，在整个英军防线上，都能听到擂响的战鼓和匆忙赶往冲突地域的人们的嘈杂声。
7.激烈的战斗整天都在进行，尤其是在以沙袋构筑防御工事的炮兵部队周围。军官和士兵一样战斗，因为时间仓促，根本没有时间制订作战计划。我们的勇士的宏伟目标，是阻止俄国人上到高地，或者从侧翼包抄，而这一目标他们也光荣地实现了。在当天晚些时候，法国人前来帮助几乎筋疲力尽的英国部队，随后俄军便撤退了。
8.我们的部队在塞巴斯托波尔前面的堑壕里，度过了极其艰难的冬天，其部分原因是那些负责供应食品和衣物的人保障不力。在冬天结束之前，巴拉克拉瓦海港和英军防线之间修筑了一条长6英里的铁路，但当这一工程竣工时，最艰难的时刻已经过去了。
9.在第四轮炮击之后，法军和英军对马拉科夫和雷丹进行了一次攻击。这是俄军最重要的两个堡垒，周围的土木工事使其固若金汤。选来发动这次攻击的日子，是滑铁卢a战役纪念日。四十年前的这一天，如今联合起来与俄国为敌的两个国家，曾经在比利时的一片原野上厮杀。虽然这天的日子很特别，虽然实施攻击的人很英勇，但这次努力还是失败了。
10.冬天伊始，最后的炮击开始了，两军为再次突击这些堡垒进行了精心准备。与此同时，工事的坚固程度已经提高了三倍。法军部队娴熟而谨慎地向工事前进，指挥官则认真审查着攻击计划的每一个细节是否完善，以及每个人是否准确地知晓自己应当干什么。细致准备的结果，是他们用了十五分钟就占领了马拉科夫--一栋白色的城堡从一堆土木工事中升起；尽管俄国人用他们在自身阵位所能使用的每一门炮，对它们进行数小时的炮击，联军的阵地却力保不失。
11.当俄军看到法军的三色旗b在马拉科夫冉冉升起，以表明法军获胜时，1000名英军士兵爬出堑壕，向着雷丹猛冲。这个由一对开路圆周形成的堡垒所矗立的位置，正好朝着英军的防线。
12.英军和法军的攻击有所不同：法军中的工程人员又将他们在马拉科夫的堑壕挖了几英尺，而英军却必须经过200英尺才能到达雷丹。他们刚一露头，俄军便立即开火。他们还没跑过那片开阔地，就有不少人牺牲了。当剩下的人爬上矮墙进入雷丹时，他们发现自己处在一个三角形的顶点上，三角形三条边上都排列着枪炮，这a 滑铁卢战役纪念日，6月18日。滑铁卢战役在1815年进行。
b 三色旗：由红、白、蓝三种颜色组成的旗帜，在第一共和国期间用作法国国旗。
些枪炮立即拼命开火。要想再前进是不可能的，此时应该不光彩地撤退，而且此时既没有增援的希望，也没有地方可以躲避弹雨。
13.在这生死关头，表现得最冷静、最勇敢的人是温德汉姆上校a，从那以后他被称为“雷丹英雄”。他试图组织手下的部队；他无所畏惧地在如梭的弹雨中来回穿行；他冒险穿越那要命的、此时已经尸横遍野的200码距离，只为了带领援军前往雷丹。但是，在他离开之后，一些贪生怕死的人却跳了下去，回头向堑壕里跑。在这种时候，人们就像一群绵羊，只要一两个人受无法抗拒的冲动驱使做某件事，其他人就会竞相效尤。这些英国士兵觉得勇气尽失，全都逃跑了。
14.如果他们不逃跑，结果其实也一样，因为那天晚上，俄国人在这座城市放火之后，穿过海港上的大桥，前往北边的郊区去了。虽然战争在数月之后才结束，但这次围攻战此时实际上已经结束了。
a 温德汉姆上校：他后来在“印度兵变”的平息中成为温德汉姆将军，并参加了坎普尔防御战。
149
THE DEFENCE OF LUCKNOW
勒克瑙防御战
agitation，excitement.announce，intimate.cavern，little cave.confirmed，made certain.desperately，dreadfully.
1.The scene within the
a
established，posted.explosion，blowing up.luxuries，dainties.pitiable，wretched.tormented，annoyed.
defences of the Residency
at Lucknow during August was pitiable in the extreme；for the shot of the besiegers swept the whole place，and many were killed in their beds.At first there had been a plentiful supply even of luxuries；but as week after week passed，food began to fail，and the besieged were soon reduced to live on unsifted husks of corn，black slippery lentils，flavouredwith bitter salt，and every second day a few ounces of coarse beef.
2.A failure in the Supply of soap also reduced the ladies and children to a state of great discomfort，for they could wash properly neither their clothes nor themselves.The decaying bodies filled the air with a horrible stench，and also attracted clouds of black flies，which swarmed on everything eatable，and tormented every person with their ceaseless stinging.An occasional fall ofa The Residency.-The official house of the English Governor of Oudh，with the adjoining buildings，had been fortified by the English.
heavy rain purified the city for a while；but as fifteen or twenty inmates of the Residency were shot and buried daily，the enclosure soon became like a grave-yard.