9.The Afghan soldiers were speedily joined by the mob of the city，which was evidently filled with intense hatred of the strangers.In a short time the English found themselves besieged in their houses by an overwhelming force of furious fanatics.
10.The English made a most determined defence；but from the first they saw how hopeless their position was.A message was sent to the Ameer，asking him for help；but he was either powerless，or he was a party to the plot.Thea Scientific frontier.-A frontier capable of regular defence in war.
b Gandamak.-A place between Jelalabad and Cabul.
garrison made charge after charge on the enemy；but at every sally their numbers were diminished.
11.At last their houses were set on fire by the besiegers.The little remnant of the garrison，seeing that all was lost，rushed out on the enemy sword and pistol in hand.Though they sold their lives dearly，every man of them was killed，except a single sepoy who escaped to the English camp，to tell what he had seen of the terrible tragedy.
12.General Roberts immediately marched on Cabul，and inflicted swift and sharp punishment on the mutineers.He defeated them in the field on several occasions；and when he entered Cabul he ordered the ringleaders in the massacre to be hanged.Yakoob Khan，whose fidelity was doubted，prudently resigned the ameership，and was sent as a prisoner to India.
13.Roberts spent the winter at Sherpur，a fortified camp near Cabul，which the Afghans had abandoned.In the spring，he intimated that the English would withdraw as soon as the sirdars，or chiefs，had agreed on a ruler.In July，Abdurrahman Khan was selected as Ameer，and in August the English army returned to India by the Khyber Pass.
14.Meantime a serious disaster had befallen the English arms in the south of Afghanistan.At Maiwand a small army under General Burrows was almost annihilated by Ayoub Khan，who led a large force from Herat to attack Candahar.Thereafter General Primrose was besieged in the latter city.
15.As soon as General Roberts heard at Cabul of this disaster，he set out for Candahar with all the forces at his command.His rapid and orderly march is one of the most remarkable in the annals of Eastern warfare.In little more than twenty days he traversed the three hundred and fifty miles between the two cities；and he found his troops so fresh，that the very next day after his arrival he attackel Ayoub’s army，and routed it with great slaughter.
16.This virtually closel the war.Ayoub Khan fled to Herat.Abdurrahman unlertook the government of Candahar；and early in 1881the whole of the English army was withdrawn within the Indian frontier.
中文阅读
1.在1878年9月一个晴朗的上午，你可以看到一支队伍在开伯尔山口骑行。这条又深又窄的峡谷，构成了从北印度前往阿富汗最笔直的道路。这队人马是一个英国使团，由内维尔·张伯伦爵士率领，正在前往阿富汗首都喀布尔的路上。
2.当这批骑马的人到达阿里穆斯吉德（山口前端附近的一个要塞）时，有人告诉他们说，不准他们继续前进。阿富汗的埃米尔（或叫皇帝）舍尔阿里拒绝接待这个使团，并下达命令要求他们必须掉转马头回去。
3.内维尔爵士对这次拒绝早有准备，因此平静地接受了。他知道这意味着战争。几个月前，埃米尔曾在首都异常隆重地接待过一个俄国使团。英属印度政府听说这个消息后极为不悦。政府成员非常嫉妒俄国在中亚地区形成的影响力，并确信俄国正在准备进攻印度。
4.总督（即利顿公爵）于是要求埃米尔在喀布尔接待一个英国代表团，以此向英国示好。埃米尔拒绝这样做，因此在进行几次正式但毫无成果的谈判之后，英国宣战。据说，战争的目标是报复对英国的不敬，破坏俄国在喀布尔的影响并建立英国的影响力，并为印度建立一条用于保护其免遭俄国侵略的“合理前哨”a。
5.11月，英国军队成三路纵队进入阿富汗。他们成功地赢得了两三次交战，这让埃米尔觉得自己的事业无法保住。由于对自己的人民毫不信任，他选择了出逃。经与英国协商，俄国使团于12月从喀布尔回国。舍尔阿里有可能与该使团一起或者紧随其后去了俄国，也有可能是由于悲伤和绝望，大约六个星期之后，他死于心脏病发作。
6.他的儿子、王位继承人雅库布可汗向英国臣服，并与英国签署了“甘达马克条约b”。其中最重要的条款是：埃米尔同意自己的外交政策接受英国提议的引导，鉴于此，同意在他的首都接受一名有恰当随从陪同的英国驻外公使。
7.不久后，经过挑选出任公使职位的路易斯·卡瓦格纳里爵士到达喀布尔。他由几名英国军官和一支80人的卫队（主要是印度本地人）陪同。他们的驻地放在巴拉西撒，这里曾经是喀布尔的一个要塞，但其防御几乎荡然无存。
8.几个星期过去了，一切都挺好；但是在9月初，英国突然遭遇可怕的敌意。一群阿富汗士兵跑到埃米尔的宫殿，强烈要求支付拖欠他们的薪水。当这一要求遭到拒绝时，他们便冲进英国公使的官邸，一开始用石头、后来用步枪的子弹袭击那里的卫兵。
9.市井暴徒很快便加入阿富汗士兵行列，其中显然充满着对英国这些外来人员的强烈憎恨情绪。在很短时间内，英国人便发现自己在房间里被一群数量众多而且被愤怒冲昏了头的人包围。
10.英国人采取了最果断的防卫措施，但从一开始起，他们就发现自己的处境是多么孤立无援。一条消息送到了埃米尔那里，请求他提供帮助；但他有可能是失去了权力，也有可能参与策划了这一阴谋。守卫部队朝着敌人连续不断地冲锋，但每经过一次突围，他们的人数都在减少。
a“合理前沿”：在战争中能提供稳定防御的前线。b 甘达马克：贾拉拉巴德和喀布尔之间的一个地方。
11.最后，他们的房子被围攻者焚烧。剩下的少许卫兵看到自己失去了一切，便手持刀剑和手枪冲向敌人。尽管他们不惜以命相搏，但除一名孤零零的印度兵之外，所有人都被打死。这名印度兵逃到英军营地，将自己所看到的这场可怕的灾难告诉了他们。
12.罗伯茨将军立即向喀布尔前进，并对叛乱者进行迅速而严厉的惩罚。他在好几个关键时节击败了他们，而当进入喀布尔时，他命令将残忍杀戮英国人的头目处以绞刑。雅库布可汗由于忠诚度受到质疑，很识时务地辞去了埃米尔职位，并作为囚犯送至印度。
13.罗伯茨在谢尔坡过冬。谢尔坡是阿富汗人废弃的、位于喀布尔附近的一个筑垒营地。春天里，他公开宣布：只要酋长们或部族首领们同意某个君主上台，英国人就立即撤退。7月，阿布杜拉曼可汗当选为埃米尔；8月，英国军队经由开伯尔山口回到印度。
14.与此同时，一场严重的灾难在阿富汗南部降临到英国军队头上。在迈万德，由布罗斯将军率领的一支小部队，差点儿被率领一支大军从赫拉特向坎大哈进攻的阿尤布可汗歼灭。从那以后，普里姆罗斯将军就在坎大哈遭到围攻。
15.罗伯茨将军刚在喀布尔听到这一噩耗，就带着自己指挥的所有军队向坎大哈进发。他疾速而有序的挺进，成为东方战争史上给人印象最为深刻的一幕。才21天多一点，他就在这两座城市之间跋涉350英里。他发现自己的队伍精神抖擞，以至于就在到达后的第二天，他便向阿尤布的军队发起进攻，并使其遭受惨重损失而溃败。
16.这次行动其实结束了战争。阿尤布可汗逃到了赫拉特。阿布杜拉曼成为坎大哈政府的领导人；在1881年初，所有英国军队全部撤至印度前哨以内。
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VICTORIA （PART IV.）
维多利亚（四）
ceased，stopped.
disestablished，no longer the State Church.emigration，removing to another country.remedy，cure.
sedition，trying to raise a rebellion.suspended，set aside for a time.terms，agreements for holding farms.
1.Ireland has needed a great deal of attention during the present reign.In 1845the potato disease caused great distress.Partly by death and partly by emigration to America，the population was lessened by nearly two million.
2.The Irish have always complained of being badly governed by England.The favourite remedy with the Irish people for the ills of Ireland has been the“Repeal”of the Union of 1801.A great outcry for Repeal-that is，for a separateaIrish Parliament-was headed by Daniel O‘Connell；sedition，and with that the outcry ceased for a time.
but he was tried for
3.Some years later it was renewed，when the Fenianplot for the separationof Ireland from England was formed.The Habeas Corpus Act was suspended-that is to say，it was made lawful to imprison men without trial-and many of the leading Fenians were banished.