6.苏格兰历史上有两位大英雄,其中之一就在此时登台了,他就是艾勒斯利勋爵威廉·华莱士。他组建了庞大的军队,夺回了许多失陷的城池。在斯特灵地区的福斯河畔,他大胜萨利率领的英军,而萨利本人则是爱德华指定统治苏格兰的人选。
7.在福斯河宽阔的河面上,有一座狭窄的木桥,两支军队正好各占一边,隔河相望。这时萨利犯了一个致命错误,他让他的军队跨过这个脆弱的木桥,去迎战人数远逊于他的苏军。然而苏军早有准备,已经严阵以待准备对他迎头痛击。
8.华莱士悄悄埋伏在对岸,等到这一队人马差不多一半挤上窄木桥,阵列凌乱的时候,他率领大军从山上一冲而下,取得了决定性的胜利。
9.当时的爱德华正在航海途中,听见他的军队在斯特灵败北的消息,立即下定决心要给华莱士狠狠的打击。爱德华很快便召集了一支庞大的军队,入侵苏格兰。华莱士对当时的南方大地实行焦土政策,千里沃土几乎寸草不生,目的就是想让敌军断绝粮草,无力作战。
10.然而爱德华已移师爱丁堡附近,这时两名苏格兰叛徒向爱德华告密,指出华莱士的军队就驻扎在福尔柯克c的树林里。爱德华立即率部前往,整整一个夜晚都驻a 瓦伊河:塞文河西岸的一条支流,沿岸风景秀丽。
b 草包:原词Toom Tabard,直译为“空的大衣”。Tabard是外交使节穿的一种宽松礼服上衣,上面绣满了各式徽章。
c 福尔柯克:位于斯特灵郡,地处爱丁堡西北24英里。
兵于林利斯戈a荒野,在此期间爱德华还被他的战马踢断了两根肋骨;日出时分,苏格兰军队摆出了四个圆圈的阵势,与英军正面遭遇。战斗随即开始,英格兰骑兵大破苏军阵势,对方最后毫无抵抗之力。
11.华莱士惨败,没过几年他又被出卖而落入敌手。最后于公元1305年被押解至史密斯菲尔德b,判处绞刑,死后尸体被砍成四截。
12.这样一来,罗伯特·布鲁斯便趁机将手伸向了苏格兰王位。他以一次谋杀开始了他的全盘计划,并且差点因此满盘皆输。他在邓弗里斯c的一所教堂里安排了一次会议,与会者中有一个名叫卡明的人,此人正是他图谋王位的主要竞争对手,于是他便像往常一样,随身携带一只匕首前往赴会了。
13.相互拥抱亲吻过后,他们便开始高谈阔论国家大事,一边走一边聊,慢慢就来到了教堂的祭坛之处。不过很快他们便忘记了刚才的亲热拥抱,开始激烈争论起来;布鲁斯指责卡明向爱德华出卖了自己,卡明也不甘示弱,朝他吼道:“这纯属胡扯。”布鲁斯一听便勃然大怒,拿出匕首刺入了卡明的心脏,卡明立即倒在了血泊之中,在祭坛的台阶上发出阵阵呻吟。
14.这一时冲动的后果把他自己也吓到了,他先是呆若木鸡地站在那里,然后跑到了他朋友那里,大叫“我怀疑我杀死了卡明”。他的一名随从骑士罗杰·柯克伯特里克听见他如此吼叫,便大声说道:“怀疑?我帮你确认!”于是跑去再次刺向已经受伤的卡明,直到确认他已死亡方才罢休。
15.尽管有此类恶行,罗伯特·布鲁斯还是如愿加冕为苏格兰国王。年事已高的爱德华听见这一消息之后,怒不可遏,立即召集军队,上马出征。不管好歹他都下定决心,一定要把王冠从布鲁斯头上扯下来。不过人算不如天算,刚到福斯河的索尔苇湾,隔着狭窄的海面只能远远望见苏格兰葱翠碧绿的延绵群山,爱德华便与世长辞了。死前他让他的儿子郑重起誓,将他的遗骨随军转运至苏格兰,并且要走在队伍的最前面。
a 林利斯戈:地处爱丁堡以西16.5英里。
b 史密斯菲尔德:现在位于伦敦市中心,古时候在伦敦城墙的外面一直是游人接踵的公园,后来又成了牲口交易市场,并一直持续到公元1855年。华莱士于公元1305年在此被处死,之后在玛丽一朝,许多人也在此被执行火刑,活活烧死。
c 邓弗里斯:苏格兰南部的大城市。
57
THE DYING BARD‘S PROPHECY
诗人的临死预言
chainless,free.
mead,wine.
melody,music;song.
pilgrim,wanderer;traveller.ruddy,red;glowing.threshold,at the entrance.
[Edward I.was said to have tried to extinguish the patriotism of the Welsh by a massacre of their bards.]
1.The hall of harps is lone to-night,And cold the chieftain’s hearth:
It hath no mead,it hath no light;
No voice of melody,no sound of mirth.
2.The bow lies broken on the floor Whence the free step is gone;The pilgrim turns him from the dooraWhere minstrel-blood
threshold stone.
hath stained the
3.And I,too,go:my wound is deep,My brethren long have died;Yet,ere my soul grow dark with sleep,bWinds!bear the spoiler
one more tone of pride!
4.Bear it where,on his battle-plain,Beneath the setting sun,a Minstrel-blood.-The blood of the Welsh bards,slain by order of Edward I.There is no proof that the King adopted this cruel policy;but it is true that the order of bards disappeared when Wales was subdued.b The spoiler.-Edward I.
He counts my country‘s noble slain-
a
Say to him,“Saxon,
think not all is won.
5.”Thou hast laid low the warrior’s head,The minstrel‘s chainless hand:
Dreamer!that numberest with the dead The burning spirit of the mountain land!
6.“Think’st thou,because the song hath ceased,The soul of song is flown?
Think‘st thou it woke to crown the feast,It lived beside the ruddy hearth alone?
7.”No!by our wrongs,and by our blood!
We leave it pure and free;
Though hushed a while,that sounding flood Shall roll in joy through ages yet to be.“-FELICIA HEMANS中文阅读【据说爱德华一世曾屠杀威尔士的诗人群体,想以此压制威尔士人的爱国之心。】
1.玉楼歌吹今夜消弭,君王的炉膛冰冷沉寂:没有甘甜美酒,没有华灯烛影,没有绕梁雅音,没有欢歌笑语。
2.破碎的长弓在地,从此自由如风远去;流浪的人从门口转面而来,门槛石阶上全是诗人的血迹b。
a Saxon.-The name which the Welsh applied to all Englishmen.Edward could not be called a “Saxon”inthe literal sense.He was rather a Norman.
b 诗人的血迹:指威尔士诗人的鲜血,他们被爱德华一世下令杀害。虽然没有证据表明爱德华曾执行此残酷政策,但是征服威尔士之后,诗人阶层确实从此消失了。
3.我亦如此,受伤颇深,我的同胞前辈已逝;还有,在我灵魂归入黑暗,走向沉睡之前,风啊!请记住恶人又一次的骄傲之词!
4.记住在他的战场之上,在夕阳的余晖之中,他逐一清点着被他杀死的高贵灵魂,要对他说:“撒克逊人a,我并不认为你大获全胜。
5.你虽然砍下了勇士的头颅,也束缚了诗人自由的双手;但是做梦的人啊!那为数不多的死者,正是这片高山大地的精神寄托!
6.想想这会是你吗,因为长歌之声已经中止,长歌之魂已经飘扬远去?想想这会是你吗,让筵席圆满结束,在红色的火炉旁黯自凄苦?
7.不是!这有我们的错误,也有我们的血统!我们会让其纯洁而自由;即使有短暂沉默,声响也会汩汩流出,经过世世代代,他们依然会涌进我们的欢乐。”
(费利西亚·赫门兹)
a 撒克逊人:即威尔士人相对英格兰人而言的称谓。从本意上,爱德华不该被称作撒克逊人,称为诺曼人更合理一点。
58
EDWARD II.-CAERNARVON
爱德华二世--卡那封王
1307to 1327A.D.-20years(公元1307年至1327年,在位20年)border,boundary between England and Scotland.
brutal,savage.
narrowly,hardly;scarcely.
re-newed,began again.roused,stirred up.stead,place.
1.Young Edward took little notice of his father’s dying wish.He buried hisabody in Westminster,and gave up the war with Scotland.Like Henry theThird,he lost the favour of his people by his fondness for worthless foreigners.He so roused the anger of the nobles,that they seized his three chief favourites and put them to death.
2.In the seventh year of his reign he renewed the war with Scotland,and crossed the Border with an army of 100,000men-the largestthat had ever marched outof England.He was met atb
Bannockbur n
by Br uce
with 30,000men,and was completely defeated.Edwardhimself narrowly escaped with his life.
3.Edward‘s Queen,Isabella,was a very wicked woman,and caused the King many troubles,by having taken as her friend a worthless man named Mortimer.An open quarrel followed.The Queen fled to France,raised an army,and returned.The barons took her side,and Edward was forced to flee.He went to Wales,but was taken prisoner;and his son was crowned King in his stead.
a Westminster.-In Westminster Abbey,where many of the Sovereigns of England are buried.
b Bannockburn.-A village 2.5miles south of Stirling,on the rivulet,or “burn,”Bannock.
4.Edward was carried from prison to prison,and was treated with the greatest cruelty.His brutal keepers one day shaved him for sport in the open fields,using dirty water from a ditch.He was at last removed to Berkeley Castle.The stillness of one dark night was broken by fearful shrieks which came from his dungeon;and next morning the body of the murdered King was openly shown to the people of Bristol.