书城教材教辅模拟联合国会议
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第12章 决议草案(Draft Resolution)

工作文件通过格式和内容上的加工完善就转化为决议草案。之所以称之为草案,因为必须要在会议最后经过代表们投票通过,它才成为能够真正生效的决议。一份决议草案可以由一个或多个代表来写作,但事实上一份决议草案要得到更多的支持,通常是由多个国家代表共同起草的,这些国家就被称为起草国(Sponsors)。起草国是完全同意决议中所说内容的。同时,决议草案应该得到一定数量国家代表的签署,才能将这份决议草案提交给委员会主席团,这些签署的国家就被称为附议国(Signatories)。起草国和附议国的数量之和应为与会国的20%,起草国不能再次成为该决议的附议国,而且不可以附议其他决议草案。值得注意的是,成为附议国,并不意味着这个国家支持或者反对这份决议草案,而是这个国家认为该草案具有讨论价值。所以一国可以成为多份决议草案的附议国。当一份决议草案拥有了足够的附议国之后,还需要再次得到委员会主席团的认可,当决议草案印发全场以后,才能由场下代表提出动议开始讨论介绍该决议,然后关于此决议草案的辩论通过各种有主持或自由磋商展开。

决议草案格式:

1.草案标题。

包括委员会(Committee)、议题(Topic)、决议草案编号(Resolution Number由委员会主席团给出),以及起草国和附议国的国家名单(签名)。

2.草案正文。

(1)序言条款(Preambulatory Clauses)。这部分中主要陈述该议题的历史,讨论该议题的必要性并回顾过去的决议和条约。

序言条款的格式。每一款以一个动词开头(若为英语,则用动词现在分词形式),并以逗号结尾。

序言性条款可以涉及到:联合国宪章(U。N。Charter)、联合国在该问题上曾经通过的决议或条约(Citations of past U。N。resolutions or treaties on the topic under discussion)、联合国秘书长或其他联合国机构就此问题发表过的言辞(Mentions of statements made by the Secretary General or relevant U。N。body or agency)、地区或非政府组织对此问题的见解(Recognition of the efforts of regional or non-governmental organizations in dealing with the issue)、对该问题大致的情况及影响的阐述(General statements on the topic,its significance and its impact)。

序言性条款开头词的一些积极词汇(PREAMBULATORY PHRASES)

Affirming

Alarmed by

Approving

Aware of

Bearing in mind

Believing

Cognizant

Confident

Contemplating

Convinced

Declaring

Deeply concerned

Deeply conscious

Deeply convincedDeeply disturbed

Deeply regretting

Desiring

Emphasizing

Expecting

Expressing its appreciation

Expressing its satisfaction

Its appreciation

Fulfilling

Fully alarmed

Fully aware

Fully believing

Further deploring

Further recallingGuided by

Having adopted

Having considered further

Having devoted attention

Having examined

Having heard

Having received

Having studied

Keeping in mind

Noting

Noting with deep concern

Noting with regret

Noting with satisfaction

Noting with deep concernNoting with approval

Observing

Reaffirming

Realizing

Recalling

Recognizing

Referring

Seeking

Taking into account

Taking into consideration

Taking note

Viewing with appreciation

Welcoming(2)行动性条款(Operative Clauses)。这部分是整个决议草案的实质性部分,具体列举了解决问题的措施和建议。每一款以一个动词开头(若为英语,则用动词第三人称单数),并以分号结尾。这些条款应该按照正确的逻辑顺序予以排列并用阿拉伯数字进行标注,每一款只包含一个建议或想法。如果某一款需要更进一步的解释,可以在该款下分条款逐一说明,格式不变,用英文字母或罗马数字进行标注。最后一款的结尾处用句号结束全文。

行动性条款开头词的一些积极词汇(OPERATIVE CLAUSES)

Accepts

Affirms

Approves

Authorizes

Calls for

Calls upon

Condemns

Confirms

Congratulates

Considers

Declares accordinglyDeplores

Designates

Draws the attention

Emphasizes

Encourages

Endorses

Expresses its appreciation

Expresses its hope

Further invites

Further reminds

Further recommendsFurther requests

Further resolves

Has resolved

Notes

Proclaims

Reaffirms

Recommends

Regrets

Reminds

Requests

Solemnly affirmsStrongly condemns

Supports

Takes note of

Transmits

Trusts

Urges作业:

认真思考并对照联合国决议案,比较序言性条款和行动性条款常用词汇所蕴涵的感情色彩,撰写一份决议草案并相互讨论、修改(可参考www。un。org)。

决议草案范例1:

决议草案:1.1

委员会:大会第一委员会

提议:无核国家的核威胁

起草国:××国

附议国:××国,××国,××国

大会深信核武器对人类和对文明的存续造成最大的威胁,

欢迎近年来在核裁军和常规裁军方面取得的进展,

确认必须保障无核武器国家的独立、领土完整和主权不受使用或威胁使用武力,包括使用或威胁使用核武器的危害,

认为在全球实现核裁军之前,国际社会必须制定有效措施和安排,以确保任何方面不使用或威胁使用核武器危害无核武器国家的安全,

铭记大会第十届特别会议,即专门讨论裁军问题的第一届特别会议的《最后文件》第59段,其中敦促核武器国家根据情况致力于缔结有效的安排,以保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器,并希望促进执行《最后文件》的有关规定。

回顾裁军谈判委员会提交大会第二十届特别会议,即专门讨论裁军问题的第二届特别会议的特别报告和裁军谈判会议提交大会第十五届特别会议、即专门讨论裁军问题的第三届特别会议的特别报告以及裁军谈判会议1992年届会的报告的有关部分,又回顾载于1980年12月3日第35/46号决议附件内的《宣布1980年代为第二个裁军十年宣言》第12段,其中特别指出,裁军谈判委员会应竭尽全力,紧急进行谈判,以求就保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排达成协议,

注意到裁军谈判会议及其保证不对无核武器国家使用或者威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排特设委员会为了就这项问题达成协议而进行的深入谈判,

又注意到2003年2月20日至25日在吉隆坡举行的第十三次不结盟国家国家元首和政府首脑会议的有关决定以及伊斯兰会议组织的有关建议,

回顾其历年通过的有关决议,特别是1990年12月4日第45/54号、1991年12月6日第46/32号、1992年12月9日第47/50号、1993年12月16日第48/73号、1994年12月15日第49/73号、1995年12月12日第50/68号、1996年12月10日第51/43号、1997年12月9日第52/36号、1998年12月4日第53/75号、1999年12月1日第54/52号、2000年11月20日第55/31号、2001年11月29日第56/22号、2002年11月22日第57/56号和2003年12月8日第58/35号决议,

重申迫切需要早日就保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的有效国际安排达成协议,

满意地注意到裁军谈判会议中原则上没有人反对缔结一项国际公约以保证不对无核武器国家使用或威胁使用核武器的设想,尽管也有人指出在研拟各方可以接受的共同办法方面存在着困难。

决议草案范例2:

Sample Resolution:

Committee:Security Council

Topic:Reactivating the Peace Talks Process Concerning Palestinian and Israeli Situation

Sponsor:France,Federation of Russia,Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Romania

Signatories:People’s Republic of China,Angola,Benin,Germany,Spain

The Security Council,

Reaffirming the principles of the peaceful resolution of international disputes and of refraining from the threat or use of force against the territorial integrity or political independence of any state stated in Article 2of the Charter of the United Nations,

Reaffirming its previous resolutions 242(1967),338(1973),446(1979),1322(2000),1397(2002),1402(2002),1403(2002),1405(2002),1435(2002),1515(2003),and 1544(2004),

Reaffirming its support for the Road Map,endorsed in its resolution 1515(2003),

Recalling the obligations of the Palestinian Authority and the Government of Israel under the Road Map,

Recalling the principles of international legitimacy and“land for peace”agreed by both Palestine and Israel at the Oslo meeting,

Expressing its grave concern at the continued deterioration of the situation on the ground in the territory occupied by Israel since 1967,

Condemning all acts of violence,terror and destruction,

Reiterating the obligation of Israel,the occupying Power,to abide scrupulously by its legal obligations and responsibilities under the Fourth Geneva Convention relative to the Protection of Civilian Persons in Time of War,

Recognizing the need for peace and security of both Palestinian and Israeli people,

1.Supports the peace process as a step towards achieving a just,durable and comprehensive peace in the region based on international legitimacy,as reflected in its resolutions 242and 238;

2.Calls for the cessation of violence and for respect of and adherence to legal obligations,including those under international humanitarian law;

3.Calls for the establishment of an international commission of enquiry into the recent violence;

4.Appeals to all the members of the United Nations to increase the provision of humanitarian aids to Palestinian civilians under the threat of violence;

5.Calls for a gradual and complete implementation of“land for peace”plan under the supervision of the International Observation Committee composed of representatives from all countries concerned:

a)Israel shall withdraw from the territory it occupied since 1967in exchange for peace with its neighbors,and the withdrawal shall be agreed by the consultation and placed under the supervision of the International Observation Committee;

b)The International Observation Committee shall be composed of representatives from all countries concerned including China,France,Russia,United Kingdom,United States,Egypt,Jordan,Syria and Lebanon。The committee shall determine at what time and from which part of the territories would Israel withdraw;

c)The Palestine National Authority shall stop hostile actions of all forms against Israel and urge all the forces within Palestine-controlled to abandon the use of force;

d)Nothing contained in this clause shall authorize the United Nations or any of its related organs to interfere in the internal affairs of Palestine and Israel;

6.Calls on both parties to immediately implement their obligations under the Road Map;

7.Calls on Israel to address its security needs within the boundaries of international law;

8.Calls on Israel to halt its construction of separation wall,which is likely to impede the promotion of understanding and deepen the hatred between the two sides’people;

9.Calls for the respect for the sanctity of the Holy City to both Muslims and Jews and advocates a return to the negotiating table with the disputes over the sovereignty of being temporarily shelved;

10.Supports a peace talk that addresses the legitimate concerns of both the Palestinian and Israeli people and that involves all countries concerned,namely all the neighboring countries of Israel;

11.Advocates that a two-level negotiation should be adopted,with the bilateral talk between Palestine and Israel at the core and the multilateral talks among all the countries concerned as at the periphery;

12.Advocates the establishment of an International Intermediary Committee composed of countries that have vital interests and play important roles in this region including Federation of Russia,United States of America,France,Islamic Republic of Pakistan,Romania and so on;

13.Emphasizes that economic and cultural exchange should be the basis for the final solution of the conflict;

Decides to remain seized of the matter。